How Deep Shall We Dig By Arundhati Roy - 2200 Words

How Deep Shall We Dig? By Arundhati Roy (Other (Not Listed) Sample) Content: How Deep Shall We Dig? By Arundhati Roy Arundhati Roy has dedicated her writing career to politics and social causes and is a vehement critic of neo-imperialism and globalization. Her essay, "How Deep Shall We Dig?" was published in a national Indian newspaper à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Hinduà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ on 25 April, 2004 against the backdrop of the 14th General Lok Sabha Elections in India. In her essay she attempts to portray the harsh conditions prevalent in the entire India due to unjust laws and an increasingly fascist approach towards governance by the ruling parties and stresses upon the need to bring about a revolutionary change in the country. Roy presents her argument effectively with the use of sarcasm, irony and rhetorical questions complimented by a well supported and organized progression of ideas. However, her occasional arrogant tone and fallacious reasoning make the reader question the credibility of her case. Roy links the violent situation of Kashmir to the entire Indian state by highlighting unjust laws, adverse impacts of privatization, violence in various states and insensitivity of the ruling parties. She presents strategies of resistance and civil disobedience as the only way forward to a radical change in the country. Royà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mastery over sarcasm and irony helps to depict the true picture of Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s stability and politics in the current era. Her use of sarcasm at various instances in the essay plays a pivotal role in helping the reader to identify the reality juxtaposed against the false picture of India presented by the government. For example, "Of course there is a difference between an overtly communal party with fascist leanings and an opportunistically communal party" (5) captivates the readerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest and helps to emphasize her point that there is no difference between the mandates of the two current ruling parties of India and neither will be successful in bringing a change to the country. Similarly in the line, "There'll be no more criminals then. Only terrorists. It's kind of neat." (2), the writer effectively conveys her disapproval of the POTA (Prevention of Terrorism Act) through sarcasm and enlightens the reader with the devastating c onsequences that could take place by the integration of this Act into criminal law. Along with sarcasm, the author makes effective use of irony and refers to the oppressed as "gangsters" (1) and their killing by the police as "eliminated on orders" (1) in order to illuminate the reader about the reality of violence and ruthless killings taking place across the country. The use of words in quotation marks such as "free press" (3) and "Creating a Good Investment Climate" (3) highlight the various instances of irony used by Roy to criticize the misleading image presented by the ruling parties of democracy and privatization in the country. Efficient use of sarcasm and irony throughout the essay allow the reader to critically analyze the image of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Shinning Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ presented in the international community and agree to the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view in this context. Along with irony, the strategic placement of rhetorical questions through the course of the essay plays an essential role in the effective communication of the writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ideas and arguments. The topic à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"How deep shall we dig?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ itself is a manifestation of a rhetorical question put forward by the writer to make the reader reflect upon the stance taken by many Hindus over the Muslim invasion of the subcontinent, more than a millennium ago. With this single question the writer conveys the importance of the Muslim community to India and makes the reader analyze the oppressions faced by them in states like Kashmir and Gujarat. The clever placement of questions such as "So how can ordinary people counter the assault of an increasingly violent state?" (5) make the reader stop and reflect upon the arguments presented by the writer and unconsciously agree to them. Similarly the use of repetitive questions and epiphora during the discussion of fasc ism in the essay lay emphasis on an important point of the argument and convince the reader to agree to the authorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim. On a similar note, Roy has strengthened her argument with ingenious organization of ideas and effective support of facts and statistics from credible sources. She first establishes the problems faced by the country and then cleverly connects them to the policies of the current ruling parties and fascism. With this link and the repetition of the problems in the middle of the essay she creates an image of a violent state requiring urgent action. After setting up the stage, she proposes her solutions and effectively convinces the reader that civil disobedience in the current election scenario is the only possible way out of the volatile situation of the country. Her logical flow of ideas is complimented by statistics and allusion to credible sources. Reference to facts such as "According to the records of the Association of Parents of Disappeared People (APDP) in Kashmir more than 3,000 people have been killed in 2003" (1) and "Utsa Patnaik, the well known agricultural economist.à ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. calculates that in the period between the early 1990s and 2001, food grain absorption has dropped to levels lower than during the World War-II years" (2) validate the claims made by the author and play a pivotal role in bringing the reader in agreement to the writerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view. Hence, the smooth flow of ideas and strong support make the paragraphs coherent and the essay powerful. Despite presenting a well structured case, the arrogant tone used by the writer while referring to the middle class in the essay depicts bias in her argument. In paragraph 11, she mentions the middle class as the only sect of the country that accept India as a legitimate democracy despite the widespread violence in the country while at the end of the essay she arrogantly refers to them by saying "Not because of that middle-class squeamishness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  `politics is dirty'" (6). With a sweeping generalization and a supercilious remark about a group that forms more than fifty percent of the essayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s audience, Roy has considerably damaged the credibility of her argument. Moreover, at the end of the essay she addresses to the Indian people and calls for a change in the system by massive non co-operation but by offending a class that represents thirty percent of the Indian population (Lanzeni, "The Middle Class in Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), Mrs. Roy might not be very successful in achieving her aim. Along with an arrogant tone, the presence of fallacious reasoning at certain instances in the essay deteriorates the strength of the argument. While discussing the privatization of state institutions and referring to the power these private companies hold, the author goes too far by saying "in India a few of these CEOs are more powerful than the Prime Minister" (3) and thereby commits a logical fallacy called the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"slippery slopeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. It is true that the heads of private companies running state assets hold a lot of power but it is illogical to conclude that they possess more authority than the head of the state- the Prime Minister. Similarly, the writer while emphasizing on the need of enhancement of human rights in the country, illogically concludes that Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s recent abstinence from voting for a human rights resolution in the U.N. will lead to an assault of human rights in the country. The author fails to explore other possibilities that could have led to Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s abstinence and makes a hasty conclusion which compels the reader to question the reasoning of the author and weakens the overall strength and impact of the argument. Concrete examples of violation of human rights by the government at this point in the essay would have consolidated the argument and made the claim of the writer more viable. Despite its shortcomings, Royà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s article highlights important issues like privatization and lack of intelligence sharing with the public which are pertinent to developing countries. Privatization of national institutions is a problem prevalent even in Pakistan and has been openly criticized. The recent privatization of KESC (Karachi Electricity Supply Corporation), Pakistan Telecommunications (PTCL) and Railways in the country has sparked extensive debate since the efficiency of these institutions has depreciated tremendously and the government has lost control over crucial state machineries. This can be exemplified by the long power breakdowns faced by Karachi at the hands of the privatized KESC which is not accountable for its inefficiency to anyone in the country. The fact that the economic capital of Pakistan can be held hostage by a private electricity company supports the argument laid down by Roy that privatization leads to the deterioration of a state. Along w ith privatization, lack of intelligence sharing over matters affecting the public is another common aspect between Pakistan and India mentioned in Royà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s article. The details of the attack on Mehran Base in May, 2011 and the abduction of Osama bin Laden from Abbottabad are sensitive issues about which the common man knows nothing beyond the immediate videos shown on television. These incidents had a huge impact on the image of Pakistan across the globe and affect...

Revised Curriculum for Project ALERT Essay examples

Adolescent drug use in America is a cause for concern. Drug use among adolescents contributes to deaths, traffic accidents, poor judgment, unsafe sexual behavior and other risky behaviors. According to the authors (2003), â€Å"drug prevention programs in schools are a critical element of the antidrug effort, yet only 9% of school districts are using programs whose effectiveness has been demonstrated through rigorous research (p.1830).† The US department of Education set one of the guidelines of its Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act program the implementation of only evidence-based prevention activities. They also labeled 7 drug prevention programs as exemplary, 5 of the programs included a school-based curriculum for middle†¦show more content†¦A video about former teenage smokers talking about their reasons why and how they quit smoking was included in the lesson. The alcohol use lesson included games, small group activities, and question-and-answer tec hniques specifically designed to help adolescents understand their own perceived susceptibility to the negative consequences associated with alcohol misuse and develop other choices to drinking. Parent and student activities included adolescent interviews with parents about their experiences with peer pressure, parent/child drug IQ test that measured knowledge about drugs and social influences to use them, and verbal reports about the consequences associated with drug use. Middle school students were given two questionnaires. The first questionnaire was administered in the 7th grade right before the 7th grade lessons were given (baseline measurement), and the second questionnaire was administered at the end of the 8th grade year after 8th grade lessons were given. To motivate student participation and to speak the truth, data collectors reassured students that their information would be kept anonymous and confidential. Alcohol, marijuana, and cigarettes questionnaires asked about frequent use within the past month, past year, and lifetime use. The questionnaire allowed the authors to evaluate the program effects on â€Å"ever,† â€Å"past month,† and â€Å"weekly† use. The authors used the prediction modelsShow MoreRelatedTDA 3.2 schools and organisation Essay examples3547 Words   |  15 Pagesin each country within the UK and is best on the concept of learning through play rather than more formal education Play has been show to be an important part for children learning. In Scotland the curriculum is focused around the document curriculum for excellent. 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Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos free essay sample

The natives of the Philippine islands already wore different types of clothing and ornaments before the arrival of Spanish colonizers. The men usually wore short-sleeved, collarless jackets that reached just below the waste. The jackets were also symbols of their status in the community. The chief usually wore red, for example. The bahag was worn for the lower part. It is a strip of cloth wrapped around the waist which passes between the things, leaving the thighs and legs exposed. A head gear or a putong is a piece of cloth wrapped around the head. This is also important like the color of the jacket. A red putong meant that the wearer has already gone to war and killed an enemy. An embroidered putong meant that the wearer has killed at least seven enemies. Adornments such as necklaces, armlets or kalombiga, anklets, earrings and rings were also worn. These were usually made of gold and other precious stones. We will write a custom essay sample on Appearance of Pre-Hispanic Filipinos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women also wore sleeved jackets called baro and skirts called saya or patadyong. Women fancied wearing ornaments as well such as gem-studded bracelets, necklaces, earrings, and rings. Tattoos Tattoos played an important part in the appearance of pre-Hispanic Filipinos both for the men and women. Tattoos were considered to be the equivalent of medals, one had to work for and earn it. The more tattoos a person had, the more impressive was his or her war record. The Visayas was known to be the Islas del Pintados or Islands of the Painted People because it was the there that the early Spanish colonizers observed very tattooed people and Spanish writers referred to them as the pintados, meaning â€Å"painted†.

The Role Of A Government Argumentative Essay Example For Students

The Role Of A Government Argumentative Essay Sue Ellen WebbMrs. CaudillEnglish III Honors-520 January 2000The Role of a GovernmentHenry David Thoreau often took extreme positions on the issue of government and its role in society. To this somewhat rebellious transcendentalist, government should not govern people at all and law was often meant to be broken. Thoreaus belief in individualism was so strong in fact that it seems he often took sides on an in issue simply to be in favor of the minority, whether the majority was right or wrong. Certainly, it is important for one to be himself and stand up for what he believes in. However, to Thoreaus statement that that government is best which governs not at all is a bit extreme. We will write a custom essay on The Role Of A Government Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Some form of government is necessary first and foremost to prevent chaos and widespread disorder. Without laws and consequences for breaking those laws, people will do exactly what pleases them without regard to how it affects others. Theft and murder will become everyday occurrences because men without ethics will see no reason not to commit these crimes. In fact, the entire population may ending killing themselves off. In addition to an increase of crime, a significant increase in poverty is likely to occur without government leadership. Without government funding, public schools, hospitals, and transportation would be nonexistent. This in conjunction with the lack of welfare funds would obviously lead to a society of poor, uneducated,Webb 2 and sickly people. Without a doubt, a society must be under the rule of a strong government power in order to function properly. Thoreaus statement is also too harsh because it has no regard for the fact that in a democratic society, the people essentially are the government. The whole purpose of a democracy is to ensure that the people govern themselves. Rather than being ruled by a dictator or monarch, members of a democratic society are able to have an input on how the government runs. Ideally, any law that is formed in this country is formed because the majority of the population want it to be formed. Rather than complaining about the existence of a government, Thoreau should have rejoiced at having the rights people in America have. It is doubtful that the laws of any other country would have allowed Thoreau more freedom or independence than the laws of the United States. If he felt otherwise or disagreed with the majority of the population, he should not have chosen to live in the United States. Certainly, one can see that Thoreaus complaints about the censorship placed upon individuals by the government were unjustified. Obviously, Thoreau went too far in stating that the government should not govern at all. Without a government that does its job in governing the people, disaster will occur. While it is not the governments place to suppress the ideas or expressions of its people, it is vital to maintaining organization. As a society, people should strive to find a medium between total lack of government and total control by the government. Bibliographynone

The DWT Freelance Writing Course Is Live

The DWT Freelance Writing Course Is Live The DWT Freelance Writing Course Is Live The DWT Freelance Writing Course Is Live By Daniel Scocco As you probably know the Internet is growing faster than ever, and content is what fosters that growth. As a result there is a strong demand for writers online right now, ranging from copywriters to paid bloggers and magazine writers. That is why a couple of months ago we ran a poll asking our readers if they would be interested in a freelance writing course. Over 500 people answered positively, so we got busy and created one. It’s a 6-week course aimed at giving you all the information you need to start making money freelance writing online. The core content was created by Ali Hale. Apart from writing for us she is a very successful freelance writer. In fact after only eight months writing online she managed to quit her job, and today she is a full time freelance writer and coach for aspiring writers. I also contributed to some of the Internet marketing related lessons, and both Ali and I will be hanging in the private forums to answer questions and interact with the students. The course will remain open for enrollment for 48 hours only (i.e., doors close on Friday, 8am EST), so if you are interested I would recommend you to check it out now. You can click here to visit the course page with all the relevant information. If you have a question just leave a comment below with it and Ill be glad to answer. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-Efficient40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†When to Spell Out Numbers

Critically examine the claim that notions of race have significantly Essay

Critically examine the claim that notions of race have significantly in formed the developments of socil policy - Essay Example A principal concern is analytic and normative examination of the development of welfare states". However, it is stated in (Welfare and Society) that "Social policy draws on sociology to explain the social context of welfare provision. If we are trying to improve people's welfare, it is helpful to try to understand something about the way that people are, and how welfare policies relate to their situation". Is the basic element under Social Policy which needed to make analysis on it, including it policies and much other aspect related to it. (Defining Multiculturalism, 2006.) "Multiculturalism, at its most basic essence, as it has meant to us this past year, means tolerance and understanding, if not acceptance, of other ideas and beliefs in different cultures. It means celebrating what is common in our cultural heritage and gaining genuine knowledge of what is different. It means banishing stereotypes yet working with diverse strengths". Professor Gregory Joy (2002) states that "Historically, "multiculturalism" came into wide public use during the early 1980s in the context of public school curriculum reform. Specifically, the argument was made that the content of classes in history, literature, social studies, and other areas reflected what came to be called a "Eurocentric" bias. Few if any women or people of color, or people from outside the Western European tradition, appeared prominently in the curriculums of schools in the United States. This material absence was also interpreted as a value judgment that reinforced unhealthy ethnocentric and even racist attitudes". MULTICULTURAL POLICY: Denis Ralph (1996), in National Agenda for Multicultural Australia states Policies Principles. "Cultural identity: the right of all children, students, families and employees to maintain, develop and renew, and not merely preserve, their cultural and linguistic heritage Access and equity: the right of all children, students, families and employees to equality of opportunity, ready and appropriate access to care and education services and equitable outcomes . Maximizing potential: the right of all children and students to quality education and care that provides knowledge, skills and understanding that will enable them to participate effectively in culturally and linguistically diverse societies on a national and international level". CRTICISM ON MULTICULTURALISM Meanwhile, despite the advantages of its policies, there is lots of criticism surrounding the implementation of multiculturalism. (Christine Ingline) mentions that "One of the strongest statements of the dangers inherent in cultural diversity is Huntington's highly contentious thesis on the clash of civilizations in which religion is argued to play a crucial role. The theoretical support for this and similar expressions of fear about the continuing threats to social cohesion posed by ethnic and cultural diversity derives from one strand of theorizing about modernity. Contrary to the earlier theories on the declining importance of ethnicity, it is argued that the contemporary processes of modernization and globalization are actively contributing to the growing importance of ethnicity and the increased significance of communitarian ties." (Christine Inglin

Market Entry Stratagies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Market Entry Stratagies - Research Paper Example The article selected for market choice strategies denotes how in the past years China struggled and to set its entry into the international markets. The articles refer to it as zou chuqu, which means â€Å"go global†. It highlights how Chinese companies have ventured into the international market in various capacities and categories. The countries companies found a competitive edge with regards to getting business contracts, and the articles notes of the Sony and sum sang setting up a state whereby some of their subsequent products would be coming from China. Meanwhile, the article on market Expansion Strategies, highlights on the impacts of the prevailing or business environment in the foreign country. The article asserts that companies with international business experience are most likely to have less sensitivity to the discouraging effect of unpredictable policy environments with regards to investment. The two articles relate to one another by recognizing the essence of the international market as the sole center of the market growth and expansion. The article by Market Choice Strategies explains and elaborates how the Chinese have geared itself for the international market. The Chinese firms like ZTE (telecoms sections) are equally fighting for major just like companies. The article indicates that China has derived a mechanism and strategy for contesting new markets and playing to their maximum strengths. The article on Market Expansion Strategies equally highlights on regards of lenient international or foreign policies to conquer new investment destinations. The article notes that global expansion mainly in an outlined stages model has an inherent process that is well rooted in uncertainty reduction that is well undertaken through the accumulation of pertinent types of knowledge and entailed experience. Having experience in any particular country gives very vital information re garding its